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By cutting through the layers of civilization and examining the artifacts, structures, and even human remains, archaeologists can reconstruct the lifestyle of a community. Pottery styles change over time, and since pottery is virtually imperishable, potsherds (broken pieces of pottery) can date settlements just as changes in car models would today.
By excavating representative areas (squares) and peeling off one stratum at a time, scientists can establish the cultural setting of the Bible, enhancing our understanding of its message.